Demography of greenbug,Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on six barley cultivars

The greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) were collected from the barley fields in Isfahan region of Iran. The aphid colonies were maintained on each of six barley cultivars including Karoon, Kavir, Zarjoo, Nosrat, Afzal and Rihane. All the experiments were done on the mentioned barley varieties at 26 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and at a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. The shortest and longest developmental times were obtained on Nosrat 6.35 ± 0.11 and Rihane 6.75 ± 0.07 days, respectively. The survivorship of immature stages varied from 71.95% on Nosrat to 82.14% on Zarjoo. The total number of offsprings were 71.05 and 63.22 nymphs per female on Kavir and Karoon. The highest and lowest r _m values were observed on Kavir (0.336 ± 0.005) and Rihane (0.299 ± 0.008), respectively. The statistical analysis of jackknife did not show a significant influence of the tested barley varieties for the mean generation time and a similar procedure of difference for λ and r _m was estimated.     

Isolation and Identification of the Female Sex Pheromone of the Potato Tuberworm Moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)

The sex pheromone produced by adult females of the potato tuberworm moth was isolated from unmated female moths reared in the laboratory. The gas Chromatographic and mass spectrometric data suggested the pheromone to be a tridecatrienyl acetate. The isolated pheromone was subjected to partial hydrogenation with hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide and subsequent ozonolysis to produce a mixture of ω-acetoxy-alkanals. They were identified by mass Chromatographic technique as 4-acetoxy-butanal, 7-acetoxy-heptanal, and 10-acetoxy-decanal respectively. Consequently, the pheromone was identified as 4,7,10-tridecatrienyl acetate except the geometric configuration.     

Lysine-rich proteins in high-lysine Hordeum vulgare grain

The salt-soluble proteins in barley grain selected for high-lysine content (Hiproly, CI 7115 and the mutants 29 and 86) and of a control (Carlsberg II) with normal lysine content, contain identical major proteins as determined by MW and electrophoretic mobility. The concentration of a protein group with a high lysine content varies significantly among the barleys examined. One protein, present in large amounts in Hiproly, is assumed to be partially responsible for the high-lysine character of Hiproly, CI 7115 and the mutants 29 and 86.     

胞浆内精子注射技术生产小鼠

以piezo操作系统为技术支撑 ,在掌握小鼠卵母细胞胞浆内精子注射技术 (ICSI)的基础上 ,进行了ICSI技术生产试管小鼠的尝试。来自成年昆明 (KM)小鼠附睾尾的新鲜精子 ,剪切去尾后 ,直接将精子头注射到B6D2F1小鼠卵母细胞质中 ,注射后 1h ,83.3%的卵母细胞存活。6h时 ,84.0 %的成活卵子成功受精 ,形成原核 ,排出PB2 体外培养的ICSI胚胎 ,卵裂率 (98%vs 94.7% )和 4-细胞期胚胎比率 (89.5%vs 92.1% )均与培养的体内受精卵没有差异 (P >0.05 ) ;但是 ,桑椹胚(63.8%vs84.2% )和囊胚发育率 (25.7%vs68.4% )极显著地 (P <0.01)低于对照组。120枚原核期胚胎移植给 7只假孕受体后 ,4只受孕小鼠共产出 28只ICSI小鼠 (23.3% )。健康成年的 25只ICSI小鼠都没有明显的生理和行为异常。随机选择其中的 20只小鼠 ,分别进行ICSI小鼠间、ICSI与KM小鼠间共 12组的交配 ,结果所有雌鼠妊娠产仔。在成功建立小鼠ICSI技术的基础上,成功获得了我国的首例ICSI小鼠,并且证明这些ICSI小鼠都具有正常的繁殖后代的能力。     

土壤水分对温室春黄瓜苗期生长与生理特性的影响

以津优1号黄瓜为试验材料．研究了土壤不同水分含量对温室春黄瓜苗期生长与生理特性的影响。结果表明,在土壤水分为田间持水量90％时．黄瓜幼苗长势健壮,茎粗大,根系活力强,叶绿素含量和光合速率高．与其它处理差异显著,说明土壤含水量过高或过低均不利于培育黄瓜壮苗。株高和叶面积随土壤含水量的升高而增加;细胞汁液浓度随土壤含水量的升高而降低．且对植株水分状况反应十分敏感,可以用来作为判断植株水分盈亏状况的生理指标。     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the barley scald pathogen,Rhynchosporium secalis

Fifteen primer pairs were designed for 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci, which were isolated and characterized from genomic libraries of Rhynchosporium secalis. Conditions for multiplexing and simultaneous genotyping of up to eight loci in a single run are described. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from two to 13 in populations from Switzerland and Australia. Genotypic diversity ranged from 61.5 to 66.7. Gene diversity ranged from 0.08 to 0.89 for individual polymorphic loci, with averages of 0.54 and 0.62 for the populations from Switzerland and Australia, respectively. Variable levels of polymorphism make these ideal markers for population genetic analyses.     

Plankton composition and water quality in a pond of spring origin in Turkey

Phyto/zooplankton composition, chlorophyll a, and some water quality parameters were investigated in a spring-originated pond in Central Anatolia between February 2001 and January 2002. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, Secchi depth, total and calcium hardness, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soluble reactive phosphorus levels were analyzed. A total of 49 species belonging to Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Cryptophyceae, and Dinophyceae were identified. The highest phytoplankton abundance was found in August, whereas the lowest was determined in January. Phytoplankton abundance increased from February to August and declined in the following months. The Bacillariophyceae were dominant in the phytoplankton community. A total of 21 species of Rotifera, 2 species of Cladocera, and 1 genus of Copepoda were found. The zooplankton community was dominated by Rotifera. The highest abundance of zooplankton was recorded in July and the lowest value in November. The annual mean concentration of chlorophyll a was measured as 1.90 μg l⁻¹. In spite of these eutrophic levels (mean values of total phosphorus and nitrate-nitrogen: 0.069 mg P l⁻¹ and 0.68 mg N l⁻¹), phytoplankton cannot grow satisfactorily because of the short water retention time (0.6 day⁻¹). The shallowness of the pond together with the low phytoplankton biomass and the high concentrations of nutrients are discussed.     

The effect of salicylic acid on barley response to water deficit

The effect of a moderate (PEG −0.75 MPa) and severe (PEG −1.5 MPa) water deficit on SA content in leaves and roots as well as the effect of pre-treatment with SA on reaction to water stress were evaluated in two barley genotypes — the modern cv. Maresi and a wild form of Hordeum spontaneum. Water deficit increased SA content in roots, whereas SA content in leaves did not change. The level of SA in the roots of control plants was about twofold higher in ‘Maresi’ than in H. spontaneum. After 6 hours of a moderate stress the level of SA increased about twofold in H. spontaneum and about two and a half-fold in ‘Maresi’. Under severe stress conditions the level of SA increased about twofold in the both genotypes, but not before 24 hrs of the stress. Plant treatment with SA before stress reduced a damaging action of water deficit on cell membrane in leaves. A protective effect was more noticeable in H. spontaneum than in ‘Maresi’. SA treatment increased ABA content in the leaves of the studied genotypes. An increase of proline level was observed only in H. spontaneum. The obtained results suggest that ABA and proline can contribute to the development of antistress reactions induced by SA.     

不同品种春小麦根系对低钾胁迫的生物学响应

采用水培法,以3个春小麦品种(加春1号、2号、4号)为试验材料,研究了低钾胁迫下不同品种春小麦根系的形态学与生理学特征。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,低钾胁迫下小麦的根重、根数、总根长、总吸收面积、根活力、根系SOD及POD活性、根系活性吸收面积均明显降低,但根冠比有所增加,不同春小麦品种间的变化趋势相似,但变化幅度存在明显差异。(2)供试品种小麦根系的形态与生理学特征在同一供钾水平下和不同供钾水平间均存在着明显的差异,表明这两种性状的差异是由基因型和环境因素共同决定的,因此,根系形态学和生理学特征可以作为筛选高效吸收钾小麦品种的参考指标。(3)供试的3个春小麦品种中‘加春4号’对低钾环境的适应性最强。